Atoms often form chemical bonds to achieve greater stability. In the context of covalent bonding, what is the fundamental principle that drives two atoms to share electrons?
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The answer
Correct answer: C. Atoms share electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration, typically by completing their valence shell with an octet or duet.
Tested concept: Covalent bonds
Explanation
The primary driving force for atoms to form covalent bonds is to achieve a stable electron configuration, most commonly by completing their valence shell to satisfy the octet rule (eight electrons) or the duet rule (two electrons for hydrogen and helium). This sharing allows both atoms to effectively 'count' the shared electrons towards their stable configuration. Distractor 1 describes ionic bonding, where electrons are transferred, not shared. Distractor 2 is incorrect because bond formation, including covalent, generally releases energy, leading to a more stable, lower potential energy state. Distractor 3 describes a consequence of forming neutral molecules, but not the fundamental reason for electron sharing itself.
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